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. The present work deals with two well-known databases of hourlymean of solar irradiance that are derived from satellite imagery: the CAMSRadiation Service version 3.2, abbreviated as CAMS-Rad and part of theCopernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service version 3.2 (CAMS), and theHelioClim-3 version 5, abbreviated as HC3v5. It adds up to the continuousdocumentation of these two databases that demonstrates that both databasescapture the temporal and spatial variability of the solar radiation and arereliable sources of data. The spatial consistency of the uncertainties ofthese databases is verified against measurements performed within a densenetwork of ground stations in the Netherlands from the Royal MeteorologicalInstitute KNMI for the period 2014–2017. For the CAMS-Rad database, the correlation coefficients between groundmeasurements and estimates are around 0.94–0.97 for irradiance E and0.85–0.89 for clearness index KT. The bias ranges between −12 and27 W m −2 ( −4  % and 10 %). The standard deviation for E isalmost constant at all stations and around 67 W m −2 (24 %) exceptat Valkenburg (57 W m −2 , 20 %) and De Bilt (73 W m −2 ,27 %). For this database, the statistical indicators are constant atinland stations showing the spatial consistency of the performances ofCAMS-Rad dataset. At seashore stations, statistical indicators are morevariable. The sea proximity influences CAMS-Rad performances and a weakspatial consistency is observed near seashore. For the HC3v5 database, the correlation coefficients are around 0.96–0.98for E and 0.86–0.91 for KT. The bias ranges between −3 and 15 W m −2 ( −1  % and 5 %). The standard deviation ranges between 48 (17 %)and 60 W m −2 (22 %). It is constant at inland stations and around54 W m −2 (20 %) with peaks at Ell (59 W m −2 , 21 %) andDe Bilt (60 W m −2 , 22 %). For this database, statisticalindicators are constant at all stations as a whole, showing a strong spatialconsistency of uncertainties. An exception is the standard deviation whichtends to decrease at the seashore stations and is close to 50 W m −2 (17 %); this could be related to the general trend of decreasing standarddeviation with increasing KT already reported in the scientific literature. As a whole, it is found that both databases are reliable sources on solarradiation in the Netherlands.

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Verifying the spatial consistency of the CAMS Radiation Service and HelioClim-3 satellite-derived databases of solar radiation using a dense network of measuring stations: the case of The Netherlands