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. Carrier synchronization is a crucial part of any wireless receiver, which isrequired due to frequency and phase offset. In case of transmission in a TimeDivision Multiple Access system the carrier synchronization has to be carriedout for every burst separately. The DVB-RCS2 standard specifies a largevariety of reference burst types with very limited known symbols. For each ofthese types a thorough exploration of different synchronization algorithms isrequired to find a trade-off between a good communication performance at verylow Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and an efficient hardware implementation. A state-of-the-art algorithm for carrier synchronization is based on the socalled Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). An inherit limitation for theprecision of frequency estimation is given by the FFT point size. Tocounteract this limitation, the FFT point size must be increased. In thispaper we extensively compare two possible interpolation techniques for FFTresults in three FFT-based carrier synchronization methods. These are appliedto various reference burst types specified in the DVB-RCS2 standard. Thetrade-offs of these combinations are identified with a special focus onhardware implementation efficiency. Furthermore, we present a flexible IPcore which can process the three synchronization methods in an efficient wayand analyze its implementation complexity and throughput on a Xilinx KintexFPGA.

Communication Performance vs. Implementation Trade-offs of Interpolation Techniques for FFT-Based Carrier Synchronization exemplified on DVB-RCS2