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. The differential code bias (DCB) of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is an important error source in ionosphericmodeling, which was generally estimated as constants every day. However, thereceiver DCB may be changing due to the varying spatial environments andtemperatures. In this paper, a method based on the global ionosphericmap (GIM) of the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) is presentedto estimate the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) receiver DCB with epoch-by-epoch estimates. The BDS receiver DCBsare analyzed from 30 d of Multi-GNSS Experiment observations. Thecomparison of estimated receiver DCB of BDS with the DCB provided by the GermanAerospace Center (DLR) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) shows a goodagreement. The root-mean-square (rms) values of receiver DCB are 0.43 and0.80 ns with respect to the DLR and CAS estimates, respectively. In terms of the intradayvariability of receiver DCB, most of the receiver DCBs show relativestability within 1 d with the intraday standard deviation (SD) of lessthan 1 ns. However, larger fluctuations with more than 2 ns of intradayreceiver DCB are found. Besides, the intraday stability of receiver DCBcalculated by the third-generation BDS (BDS-3) and the second-generation BDS(BDS-2) observations is compared. The result shows that the intradaystability of BDS-3 receiver DCB is better than that of BDS-2 receiver DCB.

annales geophysicae

Epoch-by-epoch estimation and analysis of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) receiver differential code biases with the additional BDS-3 observations