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. Many studies have revealed the stratificationphenomenon of the topside ionospheric F2 layer using ground-based orsatellite-based ionograms, which can show direct signs of this phenomenon.However, it is difficult to identify this phenomenon using thesatellite-based in situ electron density data. Therefore, a statisticalmethod, using the shuffle resampling skill, is adopted in this paper. Forthe first time, in situ electron density data, recorded by the same Langmuirprobe aboard the DEMETER (Detection ofElectro-Magnetic Emission Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) satellite at different altitudes, are analyzed, anda possible stratification phenomenon is identified using the proposedmethod. Our results show that the nighttime stratification, possibly apermanent phenomenon, can cover most longitudes near the geomagneticequator, which is not found from the daytime data. The arch-like nighttimestratification decreases slowly on the summer hemisphere and thus extends alarger latitudinal distance from the geomagnetic equator. All results,obtained by the proposed method, indicate that the stratification phenomenonis more complex than what has previously been found. The proposed methodis thus an effective one, which can also be used in similar studies ofcomparing fluctuated data.

Identifying a possible stratification phenomenon in ionospheric F2 layer using the data observed by the DEMETER satellite: method and results