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. We recently proposed a method to establish an optimal ionospheric shellheight model based on the international GNSS service (IGS) station data andthe differential code bias (DCB) provided by the Center for Orbit Determinationin Europe (CODE) during the time from 2003 to 2013. This method is verypromising for DCB and accurate total electron content (TEC) estimation bycomparing to the traditional fixed shell height method. However, this methodis basically feasible only for IGS stations. In this study, we investigatehow to apply the optimal ionospheric shell height derived from IGS stationto non-IGS stations or isolated GNSS receivers. The intuitive and practicalmethod to estimate TEC of non-IGS stations is based on optimal ionosphericshell height derived from nearby IGS stations. To validate this method, weselected two dense networks of IGS stations located in regions in the US andEurope. Two optimal ionospheric shell height models are established by tworeference stations, namely GOLD and PTBB, which are located at theapproximate center of two selected regions. The predicted daily optimalionospheric shell heights by the two models are applied to other IGSstations around these two reference stations. Daily DCBs are calculatedaccording to these two optimal shell heights and compared to respective DCBsreleased by CODE. The validation results of this method are as follows. (1) Optimal ionospheric shell height calculated by IGS stations can be appliedto its nearby non-IGS stations or isolated GNSS receivers for accurate TECestimation. (2) As the distance away from the reference IGS station becomeslarger, the DCB estimation error becomes larger. The relation between theDCB estimation error and the distance is generally linear.

Validation and application of optimal ionospheric shell height model for single-site estimation of total electron content