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. Magnetic reconnection can vary considerably in spatialextent. At the Earth's magnetopause, the extent generally corresponds to theextent in local time. The extent has been probed by multiple spacecraftcrossing the magnetopause, but the estimates have large uncertainties becauseof the assumption of spatially continuous reconnection activity betweenspacecraft and the lack of information beyond areas of spacecraft coverage.The limitations can be overcome by using radars examining ionospheric flowsmoving anti-sunward across the open–closed field line boundary. We thereforeinfer the extents of reconnection using coordinated observations of multiplespacecraft and radars for three conjunction events. We find that whenreconnection jets occur at only one spacecraft, only the ionosphere conjugateto this spacecraft shows a channel of fast anti-sunward flow. Whenreconnection jets occur at two spacecraft and the spacecraft are separated by  Re, the ionosphere conjugate to both spacecraft shows achannel of fast anti-sunward flow. The consistency allows us to determine thereconnection jet extent by measuring the ionospheric flows. Thefull-width-at-half-maximum flow extent is 200, 432, and 1320 km,corresponding to a reconnection jet extent of 2, 4, and 11 Re. Consideringthat reconnection jets emanate from reconnections with a high reconnectionrate, the result indicates that both spatially patchy (a few Re) andspatially continuous and extended reconnections ( > 10  Re) arepossible forms of active reconnection at the magnetopause. Interestingly, theextended reconnection develops from a localized patch via spreading acrosslocal time. Potential effects of IMF Bx and By on the reconnectionextent are discussed.

Local time extent of magnetopause reconnection using space–ground coordination