English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

. In this study, we focused on the retrieval of atmospheric water vapor densityby optimizing the tomography technique. First, we established a newatmospheric weighted average temperature model that considers the effects oftemperature and height, assisted by Constellation Observing System forMeteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) products. Next, we proposed anew method to determine the scale height of water vapor, which will improvethe quality of vertical constraints. Finally, we determined the smoothingfactor in the horizontal constraint based on Interim European Centre forMedium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) products. Toevaluate the advantages of the optimized technique over the traditionalmethod, we used GPS datasets collected in Hong Kong in August 2016 toestimate the vertical distribution of water vapor density using both methods.We further validated the tomography results from the optimized techniqueusing radiosonde products. The results show that the water vapor densityquality obtained by the optimized technique is 13.8 % better below 3.8  km and 8.1 % better above 3.8  km than that obtained by the traditionaltechnique. We computed the success rate of the tomography technique based onthe Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PCC) and root mean square(RMS). The success rate of the optimized topography technique wasapproximately 10 % higher than that of the traditional tomography method.

Assessing water vapor tomography in Hong Kong with improved vertical and horizontal constraints