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. It is well known that the magnetospheric response to the solar wind isnonlinear. Information theoretical tools such as mutual information, transferentropy, and cumulant-based analysis are able to characterize thenonlinearities in the system. Using cumulant-based cost, we show thatnonlinear significance of Dst peaks at 3–12 h lags that can beattributed to VBs , which also exhibits similar behavior.However, the nonlinear significance that peaks at lags 25, 50, and 90 h canbe attributed to internal dynamics, which may be related to the relaxation ofthe ring current. These peaks are absent in the linear and nonlinearself-significance of VBs . Our analysis with mutualinformation and transfer entropy shows that both methods can establish thatthere are strong correlations and transfer of information from Vsw to Dst at a timescale that is consistent withthat obtained from the cumulant-based analysis. However, mutual informationalso shows that there is a strong correlation in the backward direction, from Dst to Vsw , which is counterintuitive. In contrast,transfer entropy shows that there is no or little transfer of informationfrom Dst to Vsw , as expected because it is the solarwind that drives the magnetosphere, not the other way around. Our case studydemonstrates that these information theoretical tools are quite useful forspace physics studies because these tools can uncover nonlinear dynamics thatcannot be seen with the traditional analyses and models that assume linearrelationships.

annales geophysicae

Transfer entropy and cumulant-based cost as measures of nonlinear causal relationships in space plasmas: applications to &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;D&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;st&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;