English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

. In this paper, we investigate the ionospheric heating by oblique incidence ofpowerful high-frequency (HF) radio waves using three-dimensional numerical simulations. Theionospheric electron density and temperature perturbations are examined byincorporating the ionospheric electron transport equations and ray-tracingalgorithm. The energy distribution of oblique incidence heating waves in theionosphere is calculated by the three-dimensional ray-tracing algorithm. Thecalculation takes into consideration theelectric field of heating waves in the caustic region by the plane wavespectral integral method. The simulation results show that the ionosphericelectron density and temperature can be disturbed by oblique incidence ofpowerful radio waves, especially in the caustic region of heating waves. Theoblique ionospheric heating with wave incidence parallel and perpendicular tothe geomagnetic field in the mid-latitude ionosphere is explored bysimulations, results of which indicate that the ionospheric modulation ismore effective when the heating wave propagates along the magnetic fieldline. Ionospheric density and temperature striations in the caustic regiondue to thermal self-focusing instability are demonstrated, as well as thetime evolution of the corresponding fluctuation spectra. Keywords. Ionosphere (active experiments)

Numerical simulation of oblique ionospheric heating by powerful radio waves