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Geomagnetic storms are the most pronounced phenomenon of space weather. Whenstudying ionospheric response to a storm of 15 August 2015, an unexpectedphenomenon was observed at higher middle latitudes of the SouthernHemisphere. This phenomenon was a localized total electron content (TEC)enhancement (LTE) in the form of two separated plumes, which peaked southwardof South Africa. The plumes were first observed at 05:00 UT near thesouthwestern coast of Australia. The southern plume was associated with localtime slightly after noontime (1–2 h after local noon). The plumes movedwith the Sun. They peaked near 13:00 UT southward of South Africa. Thesouthern plume kept constant geomagnetic latitude (63–64° S); itpersisted for about 10 h, whereas the northern plume persisted for about2 hmore. Both plumes disappeared over the South Atlantic Ocean. No similarLTE event was observed during the prolonged solar activity minimum period of2006–2009. In 2012–2016 we detected altogether 26 LTEs and all of them wereassociated with the southward excursion of Bz. The negative Bz excursion is anecessary but not sufficient condition for the LTE occurrence as during somegeomagnetic storms associated with negative Bz excursions the LTE events didnot appear

Unexpected Southern Hemisphere ionospheric response to geomagnetic storm of 15 August 2015