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. Solar-wind–geomagnetic activity coupling during high-intensity long-durationcontinuous AE (auroral electrojet)activities (HILDCAAs) is investigated in this work. The 1 minAE index and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz component in the geocentric solar magnetospheric(GSM) coordinate system were used in this study. We have considered HILDCAA eventsoccurring between 1995 and 2011. Cross-wavelet and cross-correlation analysesresults show that the coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphereduring HILDCAAs occurs mainly in the period  ≤  8 h. These periods aresimilar to the periods observed in the interplanetary Alfven wavesembedded in the high-speed solar wind streams (HSSs). This result isconsistent with the fact that most of the HILDCAA events under present studyare related to HSSs. Furthermore, the classical correlation analysisindicates that the correlation between IMF Bz and AE may be classified asmoderate (0.4–0.7) and that more than 80 % of the HILDCAAs exhibit a lagof 20–30 min between IMF Bz and AE. This result corroborates with Tsurutaniet al. (1990) where the lag was found to be close to 20–25 min. Theseresults enable us to conclude that the main mechanism forsolar-wind–magnetosphere coupling during HILDCAAs is the magnetic reconnectionbetween the fluctuating, negative component of IMF Bz and Earth's magnetopausefields at periods lower than 8 h and with a lag of about 20–30 min. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (solar-wind–magnetosphere interactions)

annales geophysicae

Cross-correlation and cross-wavelet analyses of the solar wind IMF Bz and auroral electrojet index AE coupling during HILDCAAs