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. Among most currenttropospheric tomography studies, only the signals crossing out from the topboundary of the tomographic area are used for reconstructing thethree-dimensional water vapour field, while signals penetrating from the sidefaces of the tomographic body are ignored as invalid information. Such amethod wastes the valuable Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)observations and decreases the utilisation efficiency of GNSS rays. This isthe focus of this paper, which tries to effectively use signals penetratingfrom the side faces of the tomographic body for water vapour reconstruction.An optimised tropospheric tomography method is proposed using an auxiliaryarea. The top height of the tomography body is determined based on theaverage water vapour distribution derived from the Constellation ObservingSystem for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation(RO) products. In addition, the coefficients of a negative exponentialfunction between the adjacent layers for vertical constraints are fittedusing the COSMIC RO profiles. Thirteen GPS stations are selected in the CORSNetwork of Texas to perform the tomographic experiment and validate theperformance of the proposed method at 00:00 and 12:00 UTC daily using theradiosonde data for a period of 15 days. Compared to the conventional method,the accuracy of the reconstructed water vapour information derived from theproposed method is increased by 14.37 % and 16.13 %, respectively, interms of mean root mean square (rms) and meanabsolute error (MAE). The tomographic results obtained from the proposedmethod are further validated with the slant water vapour (SWV) data derivedusing the GAMIT (GNSS processing software package). Results show that the rmsand MAE accuracy of SWV values has been improved by 18.18 % and27.62 %, respectively, when compared to the conventional method. Keywords. History of geophysics (atmospheric sciences)

An optimal tropospheric tomography approach with the support of an auxiliary area