English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

In this article, wepresent estimates of diurnal and semidiurnal harmonics of variations inintegrated water vapor content (IWV) according to data from 16 GPS stationsin the Volga–Ural region of Russia during 2013–2015. Amplitudes of diurnalharmonics are maximal in summer and reach values from 0.37 to 1.01 mm. Timeat the maximum of diurnal harmonic is typically in the period from 14:00 to17:00. Semidiurnal harmonics havethe largest amplitudes in spring and autumn, but they do not exceed 0.19 mm.A comparison of the diurnal cycle from GPS data and ERA-Interim reanalysishas revealed significant differences in the phase. It is established that, asa result of evaporation from the underlying surface and convective lifting ofmoist air, the summer diurnal variations in IWV and surface density of watervapor are in antiphase. The diurnal cycle of IWV is determined by surface airtemperature to be 88 % in summer and less than at 35 % in otherseasons. It is noted that maximal amplitudes of diurnal harmonic of IWV areobserved at stations located on the windward side of mountains

Diurnal variations in integrated water vapor derived from a GPS ground network in the Volga–Ural region of Russia