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We present a new method to reconstruct solar wind conditions from spacecraftdata taken during magnetosheath passages, which can be used to support, e.g.,magnetospheric models. The unknown parameters of the solar wind are used asboundary conditions of an MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) magnetosheath model. The boundary conditionsare varied until the spacecraft data matches the model predictions. Thematching process is performed using a gradient-based minimization of themisfit between data and model. To achieve this time-consuming procedure, weintroduce the adjoint of the magnetosheath model, which allows efficientcalculation of the gradients. An automatic differentiation tool is used togenerate the adjoint source code of the model. The reconstruction method isapplied to THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactionsduring Substorms) data to calculate the solar wind conditions duringspacecraft magnetosheath transitions. The results are compared to actualsolar wind data. This allows validation of our reconstruction method andindicates the limitations of the MHD magnetosheath model used

Solar wind reconstruction from magnetosheath data using an adjoint approach