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Geospace magnetic storms, driven by the solar wind, are associated withincreases or decreases in the fluxes of relativistic electrons in the outerradiation belt. We examine the response of relativistic electrons to fourintense magnetic storms, during which the minimum of the Dst index rangedfrom −105   to −387 nT, and compare these with concurrent observations ofultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves from the trans-Scandinavian IMAGEmagnetometer network and stations from multiple magnetometer arrays availablethrough the worldwide SuperMAG collaboration. The latitudinal and globaldistribution of Pc5 wave power is examined to determine how deep into themagnetosphere these waves penetrate. We then investigate the role of Pc5 waveactivity deep in the magnetosphere in enhancements of radiation beltelectrons population observed in the recovery phase of the magnetic storms.We show that, during magnetic storms characterized by increased post-stormelectron fluxes as compared to their pre-storm values, the earthward shift ofpeak and inner boundary of the outer electron radiation belt follows the Pc5 wave activity, reaching <i>L</i> shells as low as 3–4. In contrast, the one magneticstorm characterized by irreversible loss of electrons was related to limitedPc5 wave activity that was not intensified at low <i>L</i> shells. Theseobservations demonstrate that enhanced Pc5 ULF wave activity penetrating deepinto the magnetosphere during the main and recovery phase of magnetic stormscan, for the cases examined, distinguish storms that resulted in increases inrelativistic electron fluxes in the outer radiation belts from those that didnot

Association of radiation belt electron enhancements with earthward penetration of Pc5 ULF waves: a case study of intense 2001 magnetic storms