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We investigate the relationship of the thermospheric density anomaly(ρrel) with the neutral zonal wind velocity (Uzonal),large-scale field-aligned current (FAC), small-scale FAC, and electrontemperature (Te) using the superposed epoch analysis (SEA) methodin the cusp region. The dependence of these variables on the sign of theinterplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By component and local season is ofparticular interest. Also, the conditions that lead to larger relativedensity enhancements are investigated. Our results are based on CHAMPsatellite data and OMNI online data of IMF for solar maximum (March2002–March 2007) and minimum (March 2004–March 2009) conditions in theNorthern Hemisphere. In the cusp region the SEA technique uses the time andlocation of the mass density anomaly peaks as reference parameters. Onaverage, the amplitude of the relative density anomaly, ρrel,does not depend on the solar cycle phase, local season, and IMF By sign.Also, it is apparent that the amplitude of IMF By does not have a largeinfluence on ρrel, while the negative IMF Bz amplitudeprevailing about half an hour earlier is in good correlation withρrel. Both the zonal wind velocity and the large-scale FAC(LSFAC) distribution exhibit a clear dependence on the IMF By sign.Uzonal is directed towards dawn for both positive and negative IMFBy at all local seasons and for solar maximum and minimum conditions.There is a systematic imbalance between downward (upward) and upward(downward) large-scale FACs peaks equatorward and poleward of the referencepoint, respectively, for the IMF By+ (By−) case. Relativedensity enhancements appear halfway between region 1 and region 0 currents incloser proximity to the upward FAC region. FAC densities and mass densityanomaly amplitudes are not well correlated, but it is apparent that there isa close spatial relationship between ρrel and LSFAC. At thispoint we cannot offer any simple functional relation between these twovariables, because there seem to be additional quantities controlling thisrelation

annales geophysicae

Climatology of zonal wind and large-scale FAC with respect to the density anomaly in the cusp region: seasonal, solar cycle, and IMF &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;B&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; dependence