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We investigate strongly tilted (in the y–z GSM plane) current sheets\ud(CSs) in the Earth magnetotail using data from the Cluster mission. We\udanalyze 29 CS crossings observed in 2001–2004. The characteristic current\uddensity, magnetic field at the CS boundary and the CS thickness of strongly\udtilted CSs are similar to those reported previously for horizontal (not\udtilted) CSs. We confirm that strongly tilted CSs are generally characterized\udby a rather large northward component of the magnetic field. The\udfield-aligned current in strongly tilted CSs is on average two times larger\udthan the transverse current. The proton adiabaticity parameter,\udκp, is larger than 0.5 in 85% of strongly tilted CSs\uddue to the large northward magnetic field. Thus, the proton dynamics is\udstochastic for 18 current sheets with 0.5 < κp < 3 and protons\udare magnetized for 6 sheets with κp > 3, whereas electrons are\udmagnetized for all observed current sheets. Strongly tilted CSs provide a\udunique opportunity to measure the electric field component perpendicular to\udthe CS plane. We find that most of the electric field perpendicular to the CS\udplane is due to the decoupling of electron and ion motions (plasma\udpolarization). For 27 CSs we determine profiles of the electrostatic\udpotential, which is due to the plasma polarization. Drops in the potential\udbetween the neutral plane and the CS boundary are within the range of 200 V\udto 12 kV, while maximal values of the electric field are within the range of\ud0.2 mV m−1 to 8 mV m−1. For 16 CSs the observed potentials are\udin accordance with Ohm's law, if the electron current density is assumed to\udbe comparable to the total current density. In 15 of these CSs the profile of\udthe polarization potential is approximately symmetric with respect to the\udneutral plane and has minimum therein

The structure of strongly tilted current sheets in the Earth magnetotail