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Although the electron density profiles (EDPs) from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere,\udand Climate (COSMIC) measurement have been validated by ionosonde data at a number of locations during the solar\udminimum period, the performance of COSMIC measurements at different latitudes\udhas not been well evaluated, particularly during the solar maximum period. In\udthis paper the COSMIC ionospheric peak parameters (peak electron density of\udthe F region – NmF2; peak height of the F region – hmF2) are\udvalidated by the ionosonde data from an observation chain in China during the\udsolar maximum period of 2011–2013. The validations show that the COSMIC\udmeasurement generally agrees well with the ionosonde observation. The error\udin NmF2 from COSMIC and ionosonde measurements varies with latitude.\udAt midlatitude stations, the differences between COSMIC NmF2s and\udthose of ionosondes are very slight. However, COSMIC NmF2\udoverestimates (underestimates) that of the ionosonde at the north (south) of\udthe equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crest. The relative errors of\udhmF2s are much lower than those of NmF2s at all stations,\udwhich indicates the EDP retrieval algorithm of the COSMIC measurement has a\udbetter performance in determining the ionospheric peak height. The root mean\udsquare errors (RMSEs) of NmF2s (hmF2s) are higher (lower)\udduring the daytime than during the nighttime at all stations. Correlation\udanalysis shows that the correlations for both NmF2s and\udhmF2s are comparably good (correlation coefficients > 0.9) at midlatitude stations, while correlations of NmF2 (correlation\udcoefficients > 0.9) are higher than those of hmF2 (correlation\udcoefficients > 0.8) at low-latitude stations

Validation of COSMIC ionospheric peak parameters by the measurements of an ionosonde chain in China