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This paper presents a two-dimensional structure of the shock wave signatures inionospheric electron density resulting from a rocket transit using the rateof change of the total electron content (TEC) derived from ground-based GPSreceivers around Japan and Taiwan for the first time. From the TEC mapsconstructed for the 2009 North Korea (NK) Taepodong-2 and 2013 South Korea(SK) Korea Space Launch Vehicle-II (KSLV-II) rocket launches, features of the V-shaped shock wave fronts inTEC perturbations are prominently seen. These fronts, with periods of100–600 s, produced by the propulsive blasts of the rockets appearimmediately and then propagate perpendicularly outward from the rockettrajectory with supersonic velocities between800–1200 m s<sup>−1</sup> for bothevents. Additionally, clear rocket exhaust depletions of TECs are seen alongthe trajectory and are deflected by the background thermospheric neutral wind.Twenty minutes after the rocket transits, delayed electron densityperturbation waves propagating along the bow wave direction appear with phasevelocities of 800–1200 m s<sup>−1</sup>. According to their propagation character,these delayed waves may be generated by rocket exhaust plumes at earlierrocket locations at lower altitudes

Ionospheric shock waves triggered by rockets