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Premonsoon (March–April) cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning activity over\udTaipei, Taiwan, is analyzed in relation to surface pollutants like particulate\udmatter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides\ud(NOx) and ozone (O3) concentration for a period of 6 years\ud(2005–2010). Other surface parameters like aerosol optical depth and cloud\udtop temperature are also investigated taking data from Moderate Resolution\udImaging Spectroradiometer satellite products. Results reveal that SO2 is\udmore strongly associated with CG lightning activity compared to PM10\udconcentration. Other surface pollutants like NOx and O3 also\udshow strong linear association with CG lightning flashes. Additional\udinvestigations have also been performed to extreme lightning events,\udparticularly to a few long-lasting lightning episodes considering the\udconcentrations of NOx and O3 found on days with no lightning\udactivity as representative of the background concentration levels of the said\udtwo parameters. Results indicate that the NOx concentration on\uddays with lightning activity is more than 2-fold compared to the non-lightning days while the O3 concentration is increased by 1.5-fold. Such increase in NOx and O3 concentration on days with\udlightning strongly supports the transport phenomena of NOx and\udO3 from the upper or middle troposphere to the lower troposphere by\uddowndraft of the thunderstorm during its dissipation stage. Overall, studies\udsuggest that enhanced surface pollution in a near-storm environment is\udstrongly related to the increased lightning activity, which in turn increases\udthe surface NOx level and surface O3 concentration over the\udarea under study

Analysis of cloud-to-ground lightning and its relation with surface pollutants over Taipei, Taiwan