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Under sufficiently high electric field gradients, electron behaviour withinexactly perpendicular shocks is unstable to the so-called trajectoryinstability. We extend previous work paying special attention to shortiscale,high amplitude structures as observed within the electric field profile. Viatest particle simulations, we show that such structures can cause the electrondistribution to heat in a manner that violates conservation of the firstadiabatic invariant. This is the case even if the overall shock width is largerthan the upstream electron gyroradius. The spatial distance over which thesestructures occur therefore constitutes a new scale length relevant to the shockheating problem. Furthermore, we find that the spatial location of theshort-scale structure is important in determining the total effect ofnon-adiabatic behaviour - a result that has not been previously noted.

Non-adiabatic electron behaviour due to short-scale electric field structures at collisionless shock waves