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One of the important mechanisms of stratosphere–troposphere exchange, whichbrings ozone-rich stratospheric air to low altitudes in extratropicalregions, is transport related to tropopause folds. The climatology of foldshas been studied at high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere with the helpof radars and global models. Global models supply information about foldoccurrence rates at high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere as well, but sofar comparisons with direct measurements are rare. The Moveable AtmosphericRadar for Antarctica (MARA), a 54.5 MHz wind-profiler radar, has been operated atthe Norwegian year-round station Troll, Antarctica (72° S,2.5° E) since December 2011. Frequent tropopause fold signatures havebeen observed. In this study, based on MARA observations, an occurrence ratestatistics of tropopause folds from December 2011 until November 2012 hasbeen made, and radar data have been compared with the analysis from theEuropean Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF). The foldoccurrence rates exhibit an annual cycle with winter maximum and summerminimum and suggest significantly higher occurrence rates for the givenlocation than those obtained previously by global model studies

Tropopause fold occurrence rates over the Antarctic station Troll (72° S, 2.5° E)