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A new comprehensive data collection by Damboldt andSuessmann (2012a) with monthly foF2 and M(3000)F2 median values is anexcellent basis for the derivation of long-term trends in the ionosphericF2 region. Ionospheric trends have been derived only for stations with dataseries of at least 22 years (124 stations with foF2 data and 113 stationswith M(3000)F2 data) using a twofold regression analysis depending on solarand geomagnetic activity. Three main results have been derived: Firstly, it could be shown that the solar 10.7 cm radio flux F10.7 is abetter index for the description of the solar activity than the relativesolar sunspot number R as well as the solar EUV proxy E10.7. Secondly, the global mean foF2 and hmF2 trends derived for the intervalbetween 1948 and 2006 are in surprisingly good agreement with modelcalculations of an increasing atmospheric greenhouse effect (Rishbeth andRoble, 1992). Thirdly, during the years 2007 until 2009, the hmF2 values and to a smalleramount the foF2 values strongly decrease. The reason for this effect is areduction of the thermospheric density and ionization due to a markedlyreduced solar EUV irradiation and extremely small geomagnetic activity duringthe solar cycle 23/24 minimum

Long-term trends in the ionospheric F2 region with different solar activity indices