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Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors, onboard Terraand Aqua, have been observing the Earth since start of 2000 and mid 2002,respectively. The present study provides a comparison of Collection 5(C005), aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved by MODIS, with AERONET-observed AOD over Kanpur (an urban site), Gandhi College (a rural site) andNainital (a relatively clean site) in the Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP). Theresults show that at Kanpur, MODIS retrievals are well within the prelaunchuncertainty ± 0.05 ±0.15 τ, and a good correlation (R2 > 0.7for both Terra and Aqua). Nainital also shows good retrieval (R2 > 0.8for Terra and R2 > 0.68 for Aqua), as more than 66% oftotal collocations are within the prelaunch uncertainty. However, it is seenthat there is significant overestimation in this case, especially in themonths of winter. Gandhi College poses a challenge to MODIS retrieval, ashere <57% of MODIS-retrieved AOD values lay within the prelaunchuncertainty and the correlation is very poor (R2 ~ 0.5 for Aqua andR2 ~ 0.4 for Terra); also there is persistent underestimation inthis case. Small value of slope shows that assumed model results inunderestimation, and large intercept values for the linear regression fitshow that errors due to surface reflectance are high here. Our comparisonshows that MODIS retrieval works well over Kanpur, and Nainital with winteras an exception. However, MODIS retrieval is poor for Gandhi College whichis a rural area. The aerosol properties at Kanpur are currently used asrepresentative of the entire subcontinent in the MODIS C005 algorithm, which isnot an accurate assumption. The large variability in land use and climateover India makes it a site too complex for a single aerosol model to be usedover the entire area. Therefore further study with as many sites as possibleover the Indian subcontinent would help provide more realistic modeling for theIndian subcontinent

Study of MODIS derived AOD at three different locations in the Indo Gangetic Plain: Kanpur, Gandhi College and Nainital