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Tropopause folds are one of the mechanisms of stratosphere–troposphereexchange, which can bring ozone rich stratospheric air to low altitudes inthe extra-tropical regions. They have been widely studied at northern mid- orhigh latitudes, but so far almost no studies have been made at mid- or highsouthern latitudes. The Moveable Atmospheric Radar for Antarctica (MARA), a54.5 MHz wind-profiler radar, has operated at the Swedish summer stationWasa, Antarctica (73° S, 13.5° W) during australsummer seasons from 2007 to 2011 and has observed on several occasionssignatures similar to those caused by tropopause folds at comparable Arcticlatitudes. Here a case study is presented of one of these events when anozonesonde successfully sampled the fold. Analysis from European Center forMedium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) is used to study the circumstancessurrounding the event, and as boundary conditions for a mesoscale simulationusing the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The fold is wellresolved by the WRF simulation, and occurs on the poleward side of the polarjet stream. However, MARA resolves fine-scale layering associated with thefold better than the WRF simulation

annales geophysicae

Observation of a tropopause fold by MARA VHF wind-profiler radar and ozonesonde at Wasa, Antarctica: comparison with ECMWF analysis and a WRF model simulation