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We investigate the spatial variation of magnetopause energy conversion andtransfer using Cluster spacecraft observations of two magnetopause crossingevents as well as using a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulationGUMICS-4. These two events, (16 January 2001, and 26 January 2001) are similar inall other aspects except for the sign of the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF) y-component that has earlier been found to control the spatialdependence of energy transfer. In simulations of the two events usingobserved solar wind parameters as input, we find that the GUMICS-4 energytransfer agrees with the Cluster observations spatially and is about 30 %lower in magnitude. According to the simulation, most of the the energytransfer takes place in the plane of the IMF (as previous modelling resultshave suggested), and the locations of the load and generator regions on themagnetopause are controlled by the IMF orientation. Assuming that the modelresults are as well in accordance with the in situ observations alsoon other parts of the magnetopause, we are able to pin down the total energytransfer during the two Cluster magnetopause crossings. Here, we estimatethat the instantaneous total power transferring through the magnetopauseduring the two events is at least 1500–2000 GW, agreeing with εscaled using the mean magnetopause area in the simulation. Hence thecombination of the simulation results and the Cluster observations indicatethat the ε parameter is probably underestimated by a factor of 2–3

Spatial dependence of magnetopause energy transfer: Cluster measurements verifying global simulations