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The occurrence of large-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances (LS-TIDs) has been examined. Initially some literature on their generation is considered. Travel during daylight hours and also paths which involve propagation paths towards the poles are illustrated by a few examples from the literature. A daytime ionogram recording of an LS-TID is presented and discussed as are nighttime ionogram recordings for a poleward path of propagation. The tabulations of Moscow <I>h'F</I> recordings around midnight are examined for significant height increases which along with geomagnetic bays some hours earlier confirm the existence of LS-TIDs. A sunspot-maximum interval is involved. Some of the Moscow events were related to bays which occurred 32 h earlier thus indicating earth encirclements. Also additional encirclements are recorded by using superposed-epoch analyses for some other events

annales geophysicae

Some aspects of large-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances which originate at conjugate locations in auroral zones, cross the equator and sometimes encircle the earth