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We chose a relatively weak Southeast Asian summer monsoon (SEASM) year (1998)and a relatively strong year (2002) to examine the impact of the monsoonstrength on the transport of organic carbon (OC) aerosol emitted from theSouth Asia (75°–105° E, 10°–25° N) by using the global 3-Dchemical transport model GEOS-Chem driven by the assimilated meteorologicalfields. Simulated surface layer concentrations and column burdens of OCindicate that OC levels are much higher in the weak SEASM year 1998 than inthe strong SEASM year 2002. The sensitivity experiments with global OCemissions turned off except those over the South Asia show that OC aerosolemitted from South Asia contributes to 50–70% of OC mass over southernChina and 20–50% of OC over the western North Pacific between 850 hPa and400 hPa in 1998. The outflow of OC from the South Asia is larger in 1998 thanin 2002. Three factors contribute to the larger buildup of summer time OC inthe weak SEASM year of 1998. The first is the weakened summer monsoonrainfall over the Southeast Asia that leads to less wet deposition andhigher OC concentrations. The second is the enhancement of deep convectionin the western Indian continent and the weakened upward lifting over thewestern North Pacific. The last and the most important factor is theabnormal circulation in the lower and middle troposphere that contributes tothe long-range transport of OC from South Asia to Southern China and thewestern North Pacific

Impact of the Southeast Asian summer monsoon strength on the outflow of aerosols from South Asia