English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Interplanetary (IP) shock passages are usually identified by abruptchanges in the plasma parameters, but sometimes they are also associatedwith energetic storm particles (ESPs). The maximum observed energiesof ESPs usually reach a few MeVs per nucleon and occasionally evena few hundred MeVs per nucleon. We have carried out a statisticalstudy of ESP events observed by SOHO/ERNE above 1.5 MeV during theseven-year period between May 1996 and April 2003. In the first stage,we gathered a comprehensive database of IP shock candidates usingseveral ready-made shock lists. We defined a qualitative classificationfor the ESP signals and studied their association with fast forwardshocks. We present a survey of the overall statistics of ESP associationswith fast forward shocks and the yearly amount of the shocks and associatedESP events during the 7-year study period. Our most important findingsare that only 40% of the observed interplanetary fast forward shocksaccelerate ESPs to energies greater than 1.5 MeV and that the high-energyESP-effectiveness of the fast forward shocks has a solar cycle dependence.The yearly ESP-effectiveness varied from 11%, in May 1996–April 1997 (~activity minimum), to 53%in May 2000–April 2001 (~activity maximum). We also performed a quantitativeanalysis of the proton power law spectra at the time of the shockpassage. We found that the average spectral index of ESPs was −3.6with the standard deviation of the distribution of 1.3. The ESP eventshad significantly larger power law factors than the reference spectra,calculated every day at a certain time for comparison

Interplanetary fast forward shocks and energetic storm particle events above 1.5 MeV