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The response of thermospheric neutral parameters such as winds andtemperatures to rapid changes in geophysical conditions has usually beenconsidered to be relatively slow, on the order of hours, and steady,representing an integration of more rapid ionospheric changes. Quantifyingthe relevant ion-neutral coupling has proved difficult due to a lack ofrelevant laboratory data for the most important collisions, namely betweenneutral atomic oxygen and its first ion. As a result the representation ofion-neutral coupling in numerical models of the upper atmosphere has oftenproduced poor comparison to experimental data. Using a unique combination ofspatially extended ion and neutral thermospheric parameters we show that theneutral response can be very rapid, within 15 min, to imposed forcingvia ion-neutral coupling. The array of complementary instrumentationmeasuring the thermosphere above Svalbard in the Northern Hemisphere allowsdetailed study of the causes and effects from both the ion and neutralperspectives. The implications for development and testing of thethermospheric numerical models is discussed

Upper thermospheric ion-neutral coupling from combined optical and radar experiments over Svalbard