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Low latitude ionospheric effects of two major geomagnetic storms areanalysed using TOPEX TEC data for specific satellite passes. The storms arethe one that started on 15 July 2000 and the one that started on 8 November2004. The variation of vertical TEC as a function of latitude along thesatellite passes during day-time mostly in the region of the Pacific Oceanhave been analysed comparing the storm period with quiet conditions. It hasto be noted that for obvious reasons the TEC behaviour over this regioncannot be observed using ground-based instruments but TOPEX data give areasonable overall view of the region covered by the Equatorial Anomaly,just as the storms were developing.  The performance of vertical TEC obtained from GPS derived TEC of globalionospheric maps (GIMs) are compared with the TOPEX data in order todetermine their accuracy when storms of this type take place.  The results show that the Equatorial Anomaly TEC peaks move towards thepoles by several degrees and increase their intensity with respect to thequiet conditions behaviour for both storms that occurred at differentseasons and solar activity level. This behaviour is not well represented bythe maps of the different GIMs used in this study. The rate of changeobtained from TOPEX TEC were computed to look for vertical TEC spatialgradients variations

Low latitude ionospheric effects of major geomagnetic storms observed using TOPEX TEC data