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Impact of GPS (Global Positioning System) data assimilation is assessed hereusing a high-resolution numerical weather prediction system at 2.5 kmhorizontal resolution. The Zenithal Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) GPS data frommesoscale networks are assimilated with the 3DVAR AROME data assimilationscheme. Data from more than 280 stations over the model domain have beenassimilated during 15-day long assimilation cycles prior each of the twostudied events. The results of these assimilation cycles show that theassimilation of GPS ZTD with the AROME system performs well in producinganalyses closer to the ZTD observations in average.  Then the impacts of assimilating GPS data on the precipitation forecast havebeen evaluated. For the first case, only the AROME runs starting a few hoursprior the triggering of the convective system are able to simulate theconvective precipitation. The assimilation of GPS ZTD observations improvesthe simulation of the spatial extent of the precipitation, but slightlyunderestimates the heaviest precipitation in that case compared with theexperiment without GPS. The accuracy of the precipitation forecast for thesecond case is much better. The analyses from the control assimilation cycleprovide already a good description of the atmosphere state that cannot befurther improved by the assimilation of GPS observations. Only for the latestday (22 November 2007), significant differences have been found between thetwo parallel cycles. In that case, the assimilation of GPS ZTD allows toimprove the first 6 to 12 h of the precipitation forecast

Impact of high-resolution data assimilation of GPS zenith delay on Mediterranean heavy rainfall forecasting