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From September to November 2005, the NASA Living with a Star program\udsupported the Spread-F Experiment campaign (SpreadFEx) in Brazil to study\udthe effects of convectively generated gravity waves on the ionosphere and\udtheir role in seeding Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities, and associated\udequatorial plasma bubbles. Several US and Brazilian institutes deployed a\udbroad range of instruments (all-sky imagers, digisondes, photometers,\udmeteor/VHF radars, GPS receivers) covering a large area of Brazil. The\udcampaign was divided in two observational phases centered on the September\udand October new moon periods. During these periods, an Utah State University\ud(USU) all-sky CCD imager operated at São João d'Aliança (14.8° S,\ud47.6° W), near Brasilia, and a Brazilian all-sky CCD imager located\udat Cariri (7.4° S, 36° W), observed simultaneously the evolution of\udthe ionospheric bubbles in the OI (630 nm) emission and the mesospheric\udgravity wave field. The two sites had approximately the same magnetic\udlatitude (9–10° S) but were separated in longitude by ~1500 km.\ud\ud  \ud\udPlasma bubbles were observed on every clear night (17 from Brasilia and 19\udfrom Cariri, with 8 coincident nights). These joint datasets provided\udimportant information for characterizing the ionospheric depletions during\udthe campaign and to perform a novel longitudinal investigation of their\udvariability. Measurements of the drift velocities at both sites are in good\udagreement with previous studies, however, the overlapping fields of view\udrevealed significant differences in the occurrence and structure of the\udplasma bubbles, providing new evidence for localized generation. This paper\udsummarizes the observed bubble characteristics important for related\udinvestigations of their seeding mechanisms associated with gravity wave\udactivity

Simultaneous observations of equatorial F-region plasma depletions over Brazil during the Spread-F Experiment (SpreadFEx)