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Results pertaining to the response of the equatorial and low\udlatitude ionosphere to a major geomagnetic storm that occurred on 15 May\ud2005 are presented. These results are also the first from the Indian zone in\udterms of (i) GPS derived total electron content (TEC) variations following\udthe storm (ii) Local low latitude electrodynamics response to penetration of\udhigh latitude convection electric field (iii) effect of storm induced\udtraveling atmospheric disturbances (TAD's) on GPS-TEC in equatorial\udionization anomaly (EIA) zone.\ud\ud \ud\udData set comprising of ionospheric TEC obtained from GPS measurements,\udionograms from an EIA zone station, New Delhi (Geog. Lat. 28.42° N,\udGeog. Long. 77.21° E), ground based magnetometers in equatorial and low\udlatitude stations and solar wind data obtained from Advanced Composition\udExplorer (ACE) has been used in the present study. GPS receivers located at\udUdaipur (Geog. Lat. 24.73° N, Geog. Long. 73.73° E) and Hyderabad\ud(Geog. Lat. 17.33° N, Geog. Long. 78.47° E) have been used for\udwider spatial coverage in the Indian zone. Storm induced features in vertical TEC\ud(VTEC) have been obtained comparing them with the mean VTEC of quiet days.\udVariations in solar wind parameters, as obtained from ACE and in the SYM-H\udindex, indicate that the storm commenced on 15 May 2005 at 02:39 UT. The main\udphase of the storm commenced at 06:00 UT on 15 May with a sudden southward\udturning of the Z-component of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF-Bz) and\udsubsequent decrease in SYM-H index. The dawn-to-dusk convection electric\udfield of high latitude origin penetrated to low and equatorial latitudes\udsimultaneously as corroborated by the magnetometer data from the Indian zone.\udSubsequent northward turning of the IMF-Bz, and the penetration of the\uddusk-to-dawn electric field over the dip equator is also discernible.\udResponse of the low latitude ionosphere to this storm may be characterized\udin terms of (i) enhanced background level of VTEC as compared to the mean\udVTEC, (ii) peaks in VTEC and foF2 within two hours of prompt penetration of\udelectric field and (iii) wave-like modulations in VTEC and sudden enhancement\udin hmF2 within 4–5 h in to the storm. These features have been explained\udin terms of the modified fountain effect, local low latitude electrodynamic\udresponse to penetration electric field and the TIDs, respectively. The study\udreveals a strong positive ionospheric storm in the Indian zone on 15 May\ud2005. Consequences of such major ionospheric storms on the systems that use\udsatellite based navigation solutions in low latitude, are also discussed

Large enhancements in low latitude total electron content during 15 May 2005 geomagnetic storm in Indian zone