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We present a statistical study of variations in theF2-layer peak electron density, NmF2, and altitude, hmF2, over the ArgentineIslands ionosonde. The critical frequencies, foF2, and, foE, of the F2 andE-layers, and the propagation factor, M(3000)F2, measured by the ionosonde duringthe 1957–1959 and 1962–1995 time periods were used in the statisticalanalysis to determine the values of NmF2 and hmF2. The probabilities to observemaximum and minimum values of NmF2 and hmF2 in a diurnal variation of theelectron density are calculated. Our study shows that the main part of themaximum diurnal values of NmF2 is observed in a time sector close to midnightin November, December, January, and February exhibiting the anomalousdiurnal variations of NmF2. Another anomalous feature of the diurnalvariations of NmF2 exhibited during November, December, and January when theminimum diurnal value of NmF2 is mainly located close to the noon sector.These anomalous diurnal variations of NmF2 are found to be during bothgeomagnetically quiet and disturbed conditions. Anomalous features are notfound in the diurnal variations of hmF2. The statistical study of the NmF2winter anomaly phenomena over the Argentine Islands ionosonde was carriedout. The variations in a maximum daytime value, R, of a ratio of ageomagnetically quiet daytime winter NmF2 to a geomagnetically quiet daytimesummer NmF2 taken at a given UT and for approximately the same level ofsolar activity were studied. The conditional probability of the occurrenceof R in an interval of R, the most frequent value of R, the mean expectedvalue of R, and the conditional probability to observe the F2-region winteranomaly during a daytime period were calculated for low, moderate, and highsolar activity. The calculations show that the mean expected value of R andthe occurrence frequency of the F2-region winter anomaly increase withincreasing solar activity

Anomalous variations of &lt;I&gt;Nm&lt;/I&gt;F2 over the Argentine Islands: a statistical study

Anomalous variations of <I>Nm</I>F2 over the Argentine Islands: a statistical study