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Titan's interaction with the corotating Saturnian magnetospheric plasma is\ud studied in terms of a three-dimensional electromagnetic hybrid\udmodel. This approach treats the electrons as a massless, charge-neutralizing\udfluid, whereas the ions are represented by macroparticles.\udThe model considers two magnetospheric and three ionospheric ion species.\udIn contrast to any\udforegoing simulation study, the magnetospheric upstream conditions are not assumed to be\ud stationary, but time variations have been imposed on the\ud electromagnetic fields.\udThe model includes simple periodic distortions of the\udfields near\udTitan, the purpose being to illustrate the basic physical mechanisms of ion\udpick-up in a non-stationary electromagnetic environment.\udIn order to allow a straightforward access to the influence of the\udelectromagnetic field orientation on the pick-up, no variations\udhave been imposed on the density of the impinging magnetospheric plasma.\udUnder stationary upstream conditions, Titan's\ud exospheric tail exhibits a strong asymmetry with respect to the direction of\ud the convective  electric field. The simulations show that this\ud characteristic asymmetry cannot develop,\udif the ambient electromagnetic fields are highly distorted.\ud However, the central  tail region directly behind the\ud satellite remains nearly unaffected by the distorted magnetospheric upstream\ud conditions.\ud The\ud central tail where the slow ionospheric species are predominant is able to shield\ud itself against any kind of distortion in the ambient magnetospheric field\ud conditions. The shorter the time period of the distortions, the more\ud efficient is this shielding effect. The dependency of the pick-up\ud on the characteristic time scales of the distortions is\ud discussed in detail for the\ud investigated model cases. Besides, the reaction of Titan's exospheric\ud tail structure on sudden, non-continuous changes of the magnetospheric plasma conditions\ud is analyzed, providing an illustration of some effects that may occur when Titan crosses Saturn's magnetopause

Influence of non-stationary electromagnetic field conditions on ion pick-up at Titan: 3-D multispecies hybrid simulations