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Co-ordinated campaigns have been conducted from Gadanki(13.5° N, 79.2° E, dip lat 6.4° N) by operatingsimultaneously the Indian MST radar in ionospheric coherentbackscatter mode and by monitoring thermosphere airglow lineemissions (630.0 nm and 777.4 nm) using a narrow bandmulti-wavelength scanning photometer during January-March for thepast five years (2003–2007) and also during April 2006, as aspecial campaign. Simultaneous radar and optical observationsreveal optical signatures corresponding to a variety of equatorialspread F (ESF) structures. The optical signatures corresponding toESF structures with wave-like bottomside modulations with plasmaplumes, confined bottomside flat and wavelike structures,vertically extended plume structure in the absence of bottomsidestructure apart from the classical plasma depletions andenhancements are obtained during these campaigns. The plasmadepletions and enhancements were identified using opticalmeasurements. In addition, estimations of zonal wavelength of thebottomside structures and the inference of shears in the zonalplasma drift in the presence of confined structures, were carriedout using bi-directional airglow measurements. Furthermore, it isfound that the vertical columnar intensity of OI 630.0 nm airglowexceeded the slanted columnar intensity in the presence of largebottomside structure. The need for the appropriate physicalmechanisms for some of the ESF structures and theircharacterizations with optical observations are discussed

Equatorial Spread F structures and associated airglow intensity variations observed over Gadanki