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The 30 MHz coherent backscatter radar located at the equatorial observatoryin São Luís, Brazil (2.59° S, 44.21° W, −2.35° diplat) has been upgraded to perform coherent backscatter radar imaging. Thewide field-of-view of this radar makes it well suited for radar imagingstudies of ionospheric irregularities. Radar imaging observations were madein support to the spread F Experiment (SpreadFEx) campaign. This paperdescribes the system and imaging technique and presents results from abottom-type layer that preceded fully-developed radar plumes on 25 October2005. The radar imaging technique was able to resolve decakilometricstructures within the bottom-type layer. These structures indicate thepresence of large-scale waves (~35 km) in the bottomside F-region withphases that are alternately stable and unstable to wind-driven gradient driftinstabilities. The observations suggest that these waves can also cause theinitial perturbation necessary to initiate the Generalized Rayleigh-Taylorinstability leading to spread F. The electrodynamic conditions and thescale length of the bottom-type layer structures suggest that the waves weregenerated by the collisional shear instability. These results indicate thatmonitoring bottom-type layers may provide helpful diagnostics for spread Fforecasting

annales geophysicae

Coherent backscatter radar imaging in Brazil: large-scale waves in the bottomside F-region at the onset of equatorial spread &amp;lt;I&amp;gt;F&amp;lt;/I&amp;gt;