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During the Halloween 2003 storm event, significant electron densityenhancements at elevated F-layer altitudes were recorded by the EISCAT andESR radars in northern Europe between 20:00 and 24:00 UT on 30 October. At thesame time, a sequence of optical images from Qaanaaq in northern Greenlandcaptured a series of eastward-propagating polar cap patches. In this paper,an advanced 4-D tomographic method based on the assimilation of global GPSdata, coupled to a predictive Kalman filtering technique, has been used toreveal the linkage between these ionospheric structures. The combination ofthe various data sources has clearly established the time history of thisextreme event, in which high-density plasma was uplifted in the daysideionosphere and convected anti-sunward across the polar cap to European highlatitudes at an elevated F-layer. Using this multi instrument approach, wecan differentiate between those density structures observed at the ESR whichoccurred as a result of cross-polar transport and those more likely to havebeen produced by in-situ soft particle precipitation, a distinction which issupported by the ESR and EISCAT data. The multi-diagnostic approach reportedhere has the potential significantly to extend our current understanding ofhigh latitude plasma transport and the origin of electron densityenhancements

A multi-diagnostic approach to understanding high-latitude plasma transport during the Halloween 2003 storm