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Optical data are compared with EISCAT radar observations of\udmultiple Naturally Enhanced Ion-Acoustic Line (NEIAL) events in the dayside cusp.\udThis study uses narrow field of view cameras to observe small-scale,\udshort-lived auroral features. Using multiple-wavelength optical observations, a direct link between\udNEIAL occurrences and low energy (about 100 eV) optical emissions is shown.\udThis is consistent with the\udLangmuir wave decay interpretation of NEIALs being driven by\udstreams of low-energy electrons. Modelling work connected with this study\udshows that, for the measured ionospheric conditions and precipitation\udcharacteristics, growth of unstable Langmuir (electron plasma)\ud waves can occur, which\uddecay into ion-acoustic wave modes. The link with low energy optical\udemissions shown here, will enable future studies of the shape, extent, lifetime, grouping and\udmotions of NEIALs

An optical study of multiple NEIAL events driven by low energy electron precipitation