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Through the effort to obtain clues toward understanding of transport of coldplasma in the near-Earth magnetotail under northward IMF, we find thattwo-component protons are observed in the midnight plasma sheet(−10>XGSM>−30 RE, |YGSM|<10 RE) under northward IMF by the Geotail spacecraft. Since thetwo-component protons are frequently observed on the duskside duringnorthward IMF intervals but hardly on the dawnside, those found in themidnight plasma sheet are thought to come from the dusk flank. The coldproton component in the midnight region occasionally has a parallel anisotropy,which resembles that in the tail flank on the duskside. The flows in theplasma sheet with two-component protons were quite stagnant or slightly goingdawnward, which supports the idea that the observed two-component protons inthe midnight region are of duskside origin. Because the two-component protonsin the midnight plasma sheet emerge under strongly northward IMF with thelatitudinal angle larger than 45 degrees, and because the lag from thestrongly northward IMF to the emergence can be as short as a few hours, wesuggest that prompt plasma transport from the dusk to midnight region occursunder strongly northward IMF. We propose that the dawnward flows result fromviscous interaction between the high-latitude portion of the plasma sheet andthe lobe cell. Another candidate for plasma transport process from the duskto the midnight region is turbulent flow due to vortical structures of theKelvin-Helmholtz instability that developed around the dusk low-latitudeboundary under strongly northward IMF. In addition, we also suggest thatgradual cooling of hot protons under northward IMF is a global phenomenon inthe near-Earth magnetotail

Geotail observations of two-component protons in the midnight plasma sheet