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Akasofu's solar wind ε parameter describes the coupling of\udsolar wind energy to the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Analysis of\udfluctuations in ε using model independent scaling techniques including the\udpeaks of probability density functions (PDFs) and generalised structure\udfunction (GSF) analysis show the fluctuations were self-affine\ud(mono-fractal, single exponent scaling) over 9 octaves of time scale from\ud~46 s to ~9.1 h. However, the peak scaling exponent α0 was a\udfunction of the fluctuation bin size, so caution is required when comparing\udthe exponents for different data sets sampled in different ways. The same\udgeneric scaling techniques revealed the organisation and functional form of\udconcurrent fluctuations in azimuthal magnetospheric electric fields implied\udby SuperDARN HF radar measurements of line-of-sight Doppler velocity, vLOS,\udmade in the high-latitude austral ionosphere. The PDFs of vLOS\udfluctuation were calculated for time scales between 1 min and 256 min, and\udwere sorted into noon sector results obtained with the Halley radar, and\udmidnight sector results obtained with the TIGER radar. The PDFs were further\udsorted according to the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field, as\udwell as ionospheric regions of high and low Doppler spectral width. High\udspectral widths tend to occur at higher latitude, mostly on open field lines\udbut also on closed field lines just equatorward of the open-closed boundary,\udwhereas low spectral widths are concentrated on closed field lines deeper\udinside the magnetosphere. The vLOS fluctuations were most self-affine\ud(i.e. like the solar wind ε parameter) on the high spectral width field lines\udin the noon sector ionosphere (i.e. the greater cusp), but suggested\udmulti-fractal behaviour on closed field lines in the midnight sector (i.e. the\udcentral plasma sheet). Long tails in the PDFs imply that "microbursts"\udin ionospheric convection occur far more frequently, especially on open\udfield lines, than can be captured using the effective Nyquist frequency and\udvolume resolution of SuperDARN radars

annales geophysicae

Dynamical critical scaling of electric field fluctuations in the greater cusp and magnetotail implied by HF radar observations of F-region Doppler velocity