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Meteorological and sea temperature data from the ODAS Italia 1 buoy(Ligurian Sea, Western Mediterranean) are used to study the anomalouswarming of summer 2003 at sea. The event was related to the record heat wavethat interested much of Europe from June to September of that year. The datashow that the anomalous warming was prevalently confined to within a fewmeters below the sea surface. On the contrary, the temperatures in theunderlying layers were lower than usual. The limited vertical propagation ofheat is ascribed to the high temperature difference that arose between thesurface and the deeper layers due to protracted calm weather conditions. Thedegree of penetration of heat deduced from the observations isconsistent with that computed on the basis of an energetic argument, whereinthe wind constitutes the sole supply of kinetic energy, while the heating isviewed as the source of potential energy that must be "subtracted" bymixing. The results support the hypothesis that the scanty energy from thewind is mainly responsible for the development of the temperature anomaly atthe sea surface

The anomalous warming of summer 2003 in the surface layer of the Central Ligurian Sea (Western Mediterranean)