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The occurrence of blanketing type Es (Esb) layers and associated\udE-region irregularities over the magnetic equatorial location of Trivandrum\ud(8.5° N; 77° E; dip ~0.5°) during the summer solstitial\udmonths of May, June, July and August has been investigated in detail for the\udperiod 1986–2000 to bring out the variabilities in their characteristics\udwith the solar cycle changes. The study has been made using the ionosonde\udand magnetometer data of Trivandrum from 1986–2000 along with the available\uddata from the 54.95 MHz VHF backscatter radar at Trivandrum for the period\ud1995–2000. The appearance of blanketing Es layers during these months\udis observed to be mostly in association with the occurrence of afternoon\udCounter Electrojet (CEJ) events. The physical process leading to the\udoccurrence of a CEJ event is mainly controlled by the nature of the\udprevailing electro dynamical/neutral dynamical conditions before the event.\udHence it is natural that the Esb layer characteristics like the\udfrequency of occurrence, onset time, intensity, nature of gradients in its\udtop and bottom sides etc are also affected by the nature of the background\udelectro dynamical /neutral dynamical processes which in turn are strongly\udcontrolled by the solar activity changes. The occurrence of Esb layers\udduring the solstitial months is found to show very strong solar activity\uddependence with the occurrence frequency being very large during the solar\udminimum years and very low during solar maximum years. The intensity of the\udVHF radar backscattered signals from the Esb irregularities is observed\udto be controlled by the relative roles of the direction and magnitude of the\udprevailing vertical polarization electric field and the vertical electron\uddensity gradient of the prevailing Esb layer depending on the phase of\udthe solar cycle. The gradient of the Esb layer shows a more dominant\udrole in the generation of gradient instabilities during solar minimum\udperiods while it is the electric field that has a more dominant role during\udsolar maximum periods

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Solar cycle dependent characteristics of the equatorial blanketing E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;s&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; layers and associated irregularities