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The stratospheric water vapour mixing ratio inside, outside, and at the edge\udof the polar vortex has been accurately measured by the FLASH-B Lyman-Alpha\udhygrometer during the LAUTLOS campaign in Sodankyl&#228;, Finland, in January\udand February 2004. The retrieved H<sub>2</sub>O profiles reveal a detailed view on\udthe Arctic lower stratospheric water vapour distribution, and provide a\udvaluable dataset for the validation of model and satellite data. Analysing\udthe measurements with the semi-lagrangian advection model MIMOSA, water\udvapour profiles typical for the polar vortex' interior and exterior have\udbeen identified, and laminae in the observed profiles have been correlated\udto filamentary structures in the potential vorticity field. Applying the\udvalidated MIMOSA transport scheme to specific humidity fields from\udoperational ECMWF analyses, large discrepancies from the observed profiles\udarise. Although MIMOSA is able to reproduce weak water vapour filaments and\udimproves the shape of the profiles compared to operational ECMWF analyses,\udboth models reveal a dry bias of about 1 ppmv in the lower stratosphere\udabove 400 K, accounting for a relative difference from the measurements in\udthe order of 20%. The large dry bias in the analysis representation of\udstratospheric water vapour in the Arctic implies the need for future regular\udmeasurements of water vapour in the polar stratosphere to allow the\udvalidation and improvement of climate models

Stratospheric water vapour in the vicinity of the Arctic polar vortex