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Data from the Jicamarca digisonde and the ROCSAT-1 satellite are employed to\udstudy the equatorial ionosphere on the west side of South America during\udApril 1999-March 2000 for the concurrent bottomside spread F (BSSF) and\udplasma bubble events. This study, using digisonde and ROCSAT-1 concurrently,\udis the first attempt to investigate the equatorial spread F. Results show\udthat BSSF and plasma bubble observations appear frequently respectively in the summer (January,\udFebruary, November, and December) and in the equinoctial (March, April,\udSeptember, and October) months, respectively, but are both rarely observed in the winter\ud(May-August) months. The upward drift velocity during the concurrent BSSF\udand bubble observations has been determined to study the driving mechanism.\udThis analysis shows that large vertical drift velocities favor BSSF and\udbubble formations in the equinoctial and summer months. Conversely, the\udsmaller upward velocities during the winter months cause fewer BSSF and\udbubble occurrences. For the geomagnetic effect, the BSSF/bubble occurrence\uddecreases with an increasing Kp value in the equinoctial months, but no such\udcorrelation is found for the summer and winter months. Moreover, the\udanti-correlations between Kp and dh'F/dt are apparent in the equinoctial months,\udbut not in the summer and winter months. These results indicate that in the\udequinoctial months the BSSF/bubble generations and the pre-reversal drift\udvelocity can be suppressed by geomagnetic activity, because the disturbance\uddynamo effects could have decreased the eastward electric field near sunset.\udHowever, BSSF and bubble occurrences may not be suppressed by the\udgeomagnetic activity in the summer and winter months

Concurrent study of bottomside spread F and plasma bubble events in the equatorial ionosphere during solar maximum using digisonde and ROCSAT-1