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This paper investigates the role of neutral winds\udin the generation of relatively large polarization electric fields\udacross patchy sporadic-E layers, which then map upward to the\udF region, to create conditions for medium-scale spread-F. The\udcalculations are based on an analytical model that uses the\udcurrent continuity equation and field-aligned current closures to\udthe F region in order to describe quantitatively a Hall\udpolarization process inside sporadic-E plasma patches during\udnighttime. In applying this model we use experimentally known\udvalues for E and F region, conductances, the ambient electric\udfields and prevailing neutral winds, in order to estimate the\udpolarization fields that build up inside sporadic-E. It is found\udthat the relatively strong west-southwest neutral winds during\udsummer nighttime can provide the free energy for the\udgeneration of sizable polarization electric fields, which have\udcomparable eastward and north-upward components and reach values\udof several mV/m. Given that the sporadic-E patches have sizes\udfrom a few to several tens of kilometers, the polarization fields\udcan map easily to the F region bottomside where they impact\ud\udExB plasma uplifts and westward bulk\udmotions, in line with key observational properties of medium-scale\udspread-F. However, the present simple model needs further\uddevelopment to also include wind forcing of the F region plasma\udand possible polarization processes inside spread-F. \udKeywords. Ionosphere (Electric fields and currents; Ionospheric\udirregularities; Mid-latitude ionosphere

annales geophysicae

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;-region wind-driven electrical coupling of patchy sporadic-&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; and spread-&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;F&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; at midlatitude