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A mesosphere-summer-echo layer, observed by the OSWIN VHF radar (54.1°N, 11.8°E)with vertical and 7° oblique radar beams, was examined using the method of coherentradar imaging (CRI). We disclosed the echo events having multiple scattering centers (MSC)in the radar volume by means of the high angular resolution of the CRI technique and foundthat the MSC events occurred more frequently in the upper portion of the echo layer. Moreexaminations showed that the characteristics were different between the upper and lowerportions of the layer. For example, the differences in echo power between vertical and obliquebeams changed mostly from positive to negative along the increase of altitude, and strongturbulent echoes were seen in the upper portion of the layer. These observations indicate thatthe aspect sensitivity of the echoes became less and less with the increase of altitude.Moreover, the scattering centers of the echoes were close to zenith for the lower portion of thelayer but were usually several degrees from the zenith for the upper portion of the layer.Observable wave-like variation in the scattering center was also seen in the upper part of the layer.Based on these features, we drew some conclusions for this case study: (a) the MSC eventsmight result from the slanted layer/anisotropic structure tilted by short-wave activities, (b) thetilt angle of the layer structure could be 6°–10°, causing the echo power received by the7° oblique beam was larger than or comparable to that received by the vertical beam,and (c) short-wave activities not only tilted the layer structure, but also induced isotropicirregularities.   <b>Key words.</b> Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middleatmosphere dynamics). Radio science (interferometry;instruments and techniques

annales geophysicae

On the relationship between aspect sensitivity, wave activity, andmultiple scattering centers of mesosphere summer echoes: a case study using coherent radar imaging