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To learn about the geometry and sources of the ionospheric current\udsystems which generate strong geomagnetically induced currents, we\udcategorize differential equivalent current systems (DEC) for\udevents with strong dB/dt by decomposing them into the\udcontributions of electrojet-type and vortex-type elementary\udsystems. By solving the inverse problem we obtain amplitudes and\udlocations of these elementary current systems. One-minute\uddifferences of the geomagnetic field values at the IMAGE\udmagnetometer network in 1996–2000 are analysed to study the\udspatial distributions of large dB/dt events. The relative\udcontributions of the two components are evaluated. In particular, we\udfound that the majority of the strongest dB/dt events (100–1000nT/min) appear to be produced by the vortex-type current\udstructures and most of them occur in the morning LT hours, probably\udcaused by the Ps6 pulsation events associated with auroral omega\udstructures. For strong dB/dt events the solar wind parameters are\udshifted toward strong (tens nT) southward IMF, enhanced velocity\udand dynamic pressure, in order for the main phase of\udthe magnetic storms to occur. Although these events appear mostly during\udmagnetic storms when the auroral oval greatly expands, the area of\udlarge dB/dt stays in the middle part of the auroral zone;\udtherefore, it is connected to the processes taking part in the\udmiddle of the magnetosphere rather than in its innermost region\udpopulated by the ring current. \udKey words.\udGeomagnetism and paleomagnetism (rapid time variations) –\udIonosphere (auroral ionosphere; ionospheric disturbances

Evaluation of the geometry of ionospheric current systems related to rapid geomagnetic variations