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A special observation campaign (X-BAIU), using various instruments(wind profilers, <i>C</i>-band weather radars, <i>X</i>-bandDoppler radars, rawinsondes, etc.), was carried out in Kyushu (western Japan) during the Baiu season, from 1998 to 2002.In the X-BAIU-99 and -02 observations, a line-shaped orographicrainband extending northeastward from the Koshikijima Islandsappeared in the low-level strong wind with warm-moist airs.The weather radar observation indicated that the rainbandwas maintained for 11h. The maximum length and width of the rainband observed in 1999was ~200km and ~20km, respectively.The rainband observed in 2002 was not so developed compared withthe case in 1999.The Froude number averagedfrom sea level to the top of the Koshikijima Islands (~600m)was large (>1), and the lifting condensation level wasbelow the tops of the Koshikijima Islands.Thus, it is suggested that theclouds organizing the rainband are formed bythe triggering  of the mountains on the airflow passing over them.The vertical profile of horizontal wind in/around the rainbandwas investigated in the wind profiler observations.In the downdraft region 60km from the Koshikijima Islands,strong wind and its  clockwise rotation with increasingheight was observed below 3km altitude.In addition, a strong wind component perpendicular to the rainbandwas observed when the rainband was well developed.These wind behaviors were related to the evolution ofthe rainband

Combined wind profiler-weather radar observations of orographic rainband around Kyushu, Japan in the Baiu season